通过“穗茎注射法”,将小粒野生稻(O.minuta)、稗草(Echinochloacrusgalli)等远缘物种的基因组DNA导入杂交水稻亲本品系,培育出在产量、品质等性状有显著改良的新不育系资100A、保持系资100B和恢复系RB207。用RB207配制的杂交组合在湖南进行的生产试验中产量超过13.5t·hm-2。RAPD、SSR及AFLP分析表明:变异系与受体存在5%左右的遗传多态性,特别是变异系含有供体特异分子标记;特异DNA片段的核苷酸序列及Southen杂交分析,进一步从分子水平证明远缘物种特异DNA片段向栽培稻的转移。研究结果说明,导入远缘物种基因组DNA是创造水稻新种质、进而培育超级杂交稻的有效途径。 Genomic DNA of distant species, such as O.minuta and Echinochloa crusgalli, was introduced into the parental line of hybrid rice through “ear and stem injection” method to cultivate significantly improved yield, quality and other traits New CMS 100A, Department 100B and RB207. The hybrid combinations formulated with RB207 produced more than 13.5 t · hm-2 in production trials conducted in Hunan. The results of RAPD, SSR and AFLP showed that there were about 5% polymorphisms in the variation lines and their receptors, especially the variation lines contained donor-specific molecular markers. The nucleotide sequences of the specific DNA fragments and Southen’s hybridization analysis were further analyzed. The level demonstrates the transfer of distant species-specific DNA fragments to cultivated rice. The results show that the introduction of distant species genomic DNA is to create new rice germplasm, and thus an effective way to cultivate super hybrid rice.