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鸿沟是先秦至魏晋时期中原地区一条重要的人工运河,对古代北方地区水运交通有着极其深远的影响。但其引水口和渠首段经流的问题,至今仍存歧见。本文在实地考察的基础上,通过对史料及考古资料的系统梳理与分析,深入探讨了战国至魏晋时期鸿沟引水口与渠首段经流的变迁过程,结果表明:1战国时期,魏国在荥阳一带的实际控制线当在魏长城以西,包括当时的卷邑、衍邑等,魏惠王初开鸿沟运河时,其渠首段是利用流经魏国境内的济隧河道,而不是利用流经韩国境内的荥渎河道;2秦兼并六国过程中,消除了国界的障碍,并在广武山设置了敖仓,为水运转输方便,遂将引水渠道西移至距敖仓较近的荥渎河道,并在荥口设置水门,以控制航运;3东汉后期,荥渎被黄河泥沙侵淤,鸿沟渠首段再次西迁至有柳泉、广武涧等清澈溪水注入的石门水河道,并一直沿用至隋开通济渠。
The gulf is an important artificial canal in the Central Plains from the Qin dynasty to the Wei and Jin dynasties and has a profound and far-reaching impact on the water transport in ancient northern China. However, the problems of the diversion of water and the first passage of the canal still exist. Based on the field investigation, this paper explores the process of the change of flow through the diversion channel and the channel section from the Warring States to the Wei and Jin dynasties through systematic review and analysis of historical and archaeological data. The results show that during the Warring States period, Wei The actual control line along the Suiyang area west of the Great Wall of Wei, including the then volume Yi, Yan Yi et al. When the Wei Hui Wang Kai Gap canal, the first passage of the canal is through the use of the Jiaohe River in Wei territory, rather than The use of flow through South Korea’s Dudu River; 2 Qin annexation of the six countries, the elimination of obstacles in the border, and in Guangwu Hill set Ao positions for the convenience of water transport, then diversion channel west to Ao warehouse than Near the Dudu River, and set the water gate at the mouth to control the shipping; 3 during the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dudu was the Yellow River sediment invasion, the first division of the ditch west again to have Liuquan, Kwong Wu Jian and other clear streams into Shimen waterway, and has been used until the Sui Kai opening.