TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors are of bacterial origin but function in eukaryotic host cells as transcription activators.Some Xanthomonas bacteria depend on TAL effectors to promote disease susceptibility by injecting TAL effectors into host cells to transcriptionally activate plant genes that are vulnerable to disease.For bacterial blight of rice, TAL effectors from the causal Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae (Xoo) by large control the outcome of disease through their direct interactions with the matched host genes including a group of SWEETs (sugar transporters).