Objective: The previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) in the Han Chinese populations identified two NOA-risk loci (rs498422 and rs3129878) within the HLA region, and provided strong evidence for the genetic influence of male infertility.A further case-control study found that only rs3129878 remained to be significantly associated with NOA in the Japanese population.Therefore, we conducted the association study to further validate whether the risk of NOA caused by these two SNPs was still existed in an independent Han Chinese male population, consisting of 550 NOA cases and 555 normal controls.