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Background: Male infertility annoys many couples.Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for a long time in the treatment of male infertility.Although assisted reproductive technology is an effective therapy, TCM still plays an important role in the treatment of male infertility.TCM therapy is based on the diagnosis of TCM syndrome.But the essence of TCM syndrome is not well studied by modern science, especially in male infertility.We aim to investigate the metabolic changes of infertility males with Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS), the major TCM syndrome in male infertility, via metabolomics technique.