Cypripedium macranthos var.rebunense is an epigeal orchid endemic to Rebun Island.The species is nominated as an endangered species in Japanese red data book.The main threat is illegal collection for horticulture.We have been working on conservation research for this species for more than fifteen years.First we developed germination and cultivation methods with and without symbiotic fungi.Especially the method with symbiotic fungi is useful for recovery of the lost habitat.Our social analysis clarified a conservation measure that selling artificially cultivated plants in the market would decrease the pressure from illegal collection does not work well because the concept concerning such kind of conservation is not understand among people.The analysis of population dynamics in a protect area showed continuous decline of the population.Climate change and regeneration site loss may be major causes.Genetic analysis elucidated low genetic differentiation among the populations.It means transplantation across the populations does not cause genetic disturbance.By genetic analysis,we could identify C.calceolus and the hybrids between C.macranthos var.rebunense and C.calceolus in a protected area of C.macranthos var.rebunense.Cypripedium calceolus may have been carried into the protect area artificially.If so,genetic pollution would happen for the gene pool of C.macranthos var.rebunense.The researches of pollination and symbiotic fungi distribution indicated the importance of ecological network with third plants.Rehabilitation experiment at the natural habitat by removing tall grasses clarified it induces the effects of increase of flowers and ramets but not promoted seedling number.We are attempting the recovery of the lost habitat with cultivating stocks produce by symbiotic enhanced germination.By adopting direct plantation from cultivating stocks,the risks to induce virus or any harmful organisms can be avoided.Sociological analysis was useful to improve the organization for conservation.Therefore it can be concluded researches from multiple points of view including human activity and use can realize true sustainable conservation.