The calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) family represents a unique group of calcium sensors in plants.In Arabidopsis, CBL10 functions as a shoot-specific regulator in salt tolerance.We have identified two CBL10 homologues, PtCBL10A and PtCBL10B, from the poplar (Populus trichocarpa) genome.While PtCBL10A was ubiquitously expressed at low levels, PtCBL10B was preferentially expressed in the green-aerial tissues of poplar.Both PtCBL10A and PtCBL10B were targeted to the tonoplast and expression of either one in the Arabidopsis cbl10 mutant could rescue its shoot salt-sensitive phenotype.Like PtSOS3, both PtCBL10s physically interacted with the salt-tolerance component PtSOS2.But in contrast to the SOS3-SOS2 complex at the plasma membrane, the PtCBL10-SOS2 interaction was primarily associated with vacuolar compartments.Furthermore, overexpression of either PtCBL10A or PtCBL10B conferred salt tolerance on transgenic poplar plants by maintaining ion homeostasis in shoot tissues under salinity stress.These results not only suggest a crucial role of PtCBL10s in shoot responses to salt toxicity in poplar, but also provide a molecular basis for genetic engineering of salt-tolerant tree species.