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Cryptosporidium is considered one of the most common causes of protozoal diarrhea in both humans and animals worldwide, many domestic animals are the reservoirs of zoonotic Cryptospordium,such as C.parvum(isolated from cattle, sheep, horse,et al).the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in cattle, sheep, pig, rabbit had been found in China, few data are available on the infection rate and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp.in dogs.In this study, 770 fecal samples from 66 locations in Henan province, China were examined.The average infection rate of Cryptosporidiurn was 3.8%, with the dogs in kennels having the highest infection rate (7.0%) (X2=14.82, P< 0.01).There was a significant association between the Cryptosporidium occurrence and dogs age (X2=18.82, P< 0.01); the prevalence was highest in young(90-day-old dogs,8.0%) than the other age groups(1.1%-3.8%).No association was noticed in the infection rate between male and female dogs.Twenty nine Cryptosporidium-positive samples were genotyped by sequence analyses of 18S rRNA, 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70), and actin genes.Only the Cryptosporidium canis was identified, with 100% sequence identity to published sequences of the 18S rRNA, HSP70, and actin genes.Considering the large number of dog in China and close contact between dogs and humans, the role of C.canis in the transmission of human cryptosporidiosis should not be neglected.