【摘 要】
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Royal jelly (RJ) is a proteinaceous secretion of hypopharyngeal glands (HGs) in head of honeybee workers. A stock of honeybees, high RJ bees (RJBs), selected from Italian bees (ITBs) since 1980s’ in C
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Royal jelly (RJ) is a proteinaceous secretion of hypopharyngeal glands (HGs) in head of honeybee workers. A stock of honeybees, high RJ bees (RJBs), selected from Italian bees (ITBs) since 1980s’ in China, could produce 10 folds more RJ than that of ITBs. Knowledge on HGs of RJBs achieving the stronger performance in RJ production still remains elusive. The time-resolved HG proteome during the development of worker bees was investigated and compared between ITBs and RJBs, and functions of proteins related to RJ secretion were biologically confirmed. A hitherto in-depth of HG proteome coverage (2,701 protein groups) suggests the HGs of both stocks develop similar proteome settings to cement the young gland growth, produce RJ in nurse bees (NBs), and secrete convertase to ripen nectar into honey in forager bees (FBs). Particularly, in NBs, the HGs morphologically develop voluminous and numerous ovoid acini that is vital for RJ secretion. Moreover, in HGs of NBs, actin in cytoskeleton structure of secretary cells is well developed to provide a stabilizing framework of the canalicular membrane system during high exocytic activity. Notably, in RJB NBs, pathways related to protein synthesis and energy metabolism are functionally induced to boost stronger activity for RJ secretion comparing to ITBs.This is evidenced by the biochemical verifications of highly abundant ribosomal proteins in RJB NBs relative to those in ITBs.Furthermore, the strongly expressed RpL13, RpS4, RpS26, RpL28,malate dehydrogenase, UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, citrate synthase, Lamin Dm0, and hexamerin 110 in behavior manipulated NBs demonstrates their critical roles in regulation of RJ secretary activity in RJB NBs.Our data gain a novel understanding of the regulatory mechanism of HGs increasing RJ outputs of RJBs.
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