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Prostaglandins(PGs)are oxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid and two other C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.The compounds were discovered in the early 1930s,and their chemical structures were determined in the 1960s.Since then,biomedical research has revealed many PG actions in mammalian physiology and pathophysiology,such as protecting the mucosal lining of the stomach,mediating inflammation and influencing sleep cycles.