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XopD is the only non-TAL (transcription activator-like) T3S effector that directly represses host transcription during Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (Xe) infection.XopD encodes a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protease that suppresses ethylene (ET) and salicylic acid (SA)production to interfere with host immunity.XopD represses ET-stimulated transcription by cleaving SUMO from the tomato transcription factor (TF) ERF4.