Objective: To investigate the different gene expression profiles and to find the target gene on NF-κB signaling pathway of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) after being induced to osteoblasts using gene chip technique.Methods: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the rats of control group and osteoporosis group by means of the whole bone marrow adherence method and cultured to the 3 rd generation..After osteogenic induction, two groups BMSC morphology was observed under an inverted microscope.The expression level of alkaline phosphatase was detected, and the formation of calcium nodes of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was marked by alizarin red staining.The total mRNA of the third-passage BMSCs, after being induced to osteoblasts for 4 days, was extracted by Trizol.Gene chip was applied to detect the different expression gene of NF-κB signaling pathway.Results: the expression level of alkaline phosphatase in the osteoporosis group was lower than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05); The alizarin red staining of the cells was positive, and the staining in the osteoporosis group was weaker than that in the control group; There were 1435 differentially expressed genes (2 times difference)and 10 important of NF-κb signaling pathway were found.