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Background: Longitudinal correlations between metabolic syndrome components in metabolic syndrome have rarely been reported.We investigated how one component is related to another at different time points, and how the development of one component is related to the development of another over time.Method: A longitudinal cohort study was performed in 2007 on 3,469 individuals who had undergone at least three health check-ups in Beijing Tongren Hospital, China over a 5-year period.We selected 578 subjects who had two abnormal components in 2007 as the study group.Data analysis was conducted using a joint model.Depending on the levels of BMI, glucose, TG, HDL and SBP, the study participants were divided into four groups, which were labeled as SBP-Glu, SBP-TG, TG-Glu and TG-HDL group.Results: After adjusted for sex and age, correlations between metabolic syndrome components were investigated.The correlation between BMI and SBP increased from 2007 to 2011 and the correlation between developments of BMI and SBP was 0.7617 in the TG-Glu abnormal group.The correlation between BMIand TG also increased with time, and the correlation between developments of BMI and TG was 0.4029 in the SBP-Glu group.The correlation between SBP and TG increased with time, and the correlation between developments of SBP and TG was 0.6880 in the TG-HDL group.The correlation between HDL and TG also increased with time, and the correlations between developments of HDL and TG were respectively-0.8370 in the SBP-Glu group,-0.6315 in the SBP-TG group,-0.5724 in the TG-Glu group, and-0.5423 in the TG-HDL group.Conclusions: BMI and SBP in the TG-Glu group, BMI and TG in the SBP-Glu group, SBP and TG in the TG-HDL group, and HDL and TG in all four groups were closely related with each other after adjusted for sex and age in the development of MetS and the correlations increased with time.In clinical practice, the level of one component should be controlled if the level of its closely related component is abnormal.Different combinations of intervention strategy might be needed for MetS risk groups.