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The genus Pythium Pringsheim, belongs to Pythiaceae, Peronosporales, Oomycetes, Oomycota and Straminipila.Pythium species are widely distributed throughout the world, many of which are plant pathogens causing enormous damage to a wide range of plant species.The taxonomy of Pythium is mainly based on the morphological characteristics.Molecular techniques have been employed in species identification and systematics of Pythium in recent decade.The purposes of present research are: 1) to study the taxonomy and phylogeny of Pythium species from China in a molecular view; and 2) screen for the optional DNA barcode for the genus.In total 506 strains have been recovered from the 195 rhizosphere soil samples collected from different plants throughout China.