Recent times have seen a surge of activity in the exploration of two dimensional atomic layered structures with a range of properties.Here we will discuss our recent effo rts in exploring va rious two-dimensional materials including graphene,hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN),various dichalcogenide systems and hybrid atomic layers consisting of multiple compositions.Scalable synthesis through vapour deposition of several of these structures will be discussed.Understanding of defects such as grain boundaries,edges and point defects in these structures is important for manipulating physical properties in these materials.Our efforts in manipulating these layers into creating vertically stacked hybrids as well as laterally engineered layers will be described.Overall,the talk will summarize our recent progress in synthesizing and characterizing atomically engineered layers of materials with a wide range of properties and their applications on active nano-systems and high performance energy components,e.g.resonators,photodetectors,high-density capacitors,ultrafast lithium storage etc.