NOD2 gene plays a fundamental role in the initiation of the inflammatory and subsequent immune response.Which have been previously identified as susceptibility loci for inflammatory bowel diseases in human.In this study,we detected two mutations in exon 12 (A→T,G→A) among five cattle breeds (n=315) and analyzed their associations with production traits and genetic resistance against bovine mastitis in Chinese Holstein and Chinese Simmental breeds (n=218).The transitions (A→T) at position 114bp associated with SCS (p<0.01).The G→A at position 1594bp have been described to play a critical role to increase 305-day milk yields.In Chinese Holstein and Chinese Simmental breeds,BB genotype may contribute to disease susceptibility.When compared to all genotypic combinations,the genotypic combinations simultaneously carried allele A,B,and genotype FF are beneficial not only for reducing SCS but also increasing production.