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美国贸易调整援助立法始于《1962年贸易拓展法》,旨在援助受进口贸易竞争冲击的工人、企业与产业,帮助工人重新就业,恢复企业与产业的国际竞争力,形成了独特的贸易调整援助之“美国模式”。该模式的形成是基于美国宪政体制下的经典贸易政治逻辑与帕累托最优及其补偿理论。由此产生的作为“贸易自由化补偿机制”的贸易调整援助制度与美国贸易自由化同步发展与沿革,形成了三种主要的贸易调整援助项目。它们继续变革的动力与方向将成为美国能否继续引领全球贸易自由化的关键,同时对日益深化的中美双边经贸关系将产生重大影响。
The U.S. trade adjustment aid legislation began with the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, aiming at assisting workers, enterprises and industries hit by competition in import trade, helping workers to resume employment and restoring the international competitiveness of enterprises and industries, and forming a unique trade adjustment Aid “American model ”. The formation of this model is based on the classic political logic of trade under the constitutional system in the United States and Pareto optimality and its compensation theory. The resulting trade adjustment aid system as a “trade liberalization compensation mechanism” has brought about simultaneous development and evolution with trade liberalization in the United States, forming three major trade adjustment aid projects. The motivation and direction of their continued transformation will be the key to whether the United States can continue to lead the global trade liberalization and will have a significant impact on the deepening bilateral economic and trade relations with China.