Urbanization is increasing due to human development in cities,and it affects the biodiversity residing in the urban ecosystem.It affects the diversity of plant and pollinator species and their interactions as the food resources are different from the natural ecosystem.Bees,particularly western honey bees,play a vital role in pollination ecology,contributing billions of dollars to agricultural pollination.Hairiness is essential for pollination success because it helps pollens be disbursed and transferred.However,there are few extensive investigations on the morphological processes.This hairiness trait is rarely considered in pollinator trait analysis because no systematic procedure was introduced for measuring hair length.The current study aimed to explore the diversity of plants and pollinators,their interaction,and pollination network along the urbanization gradient.It also aimed to develop a novel method for measuring the hair length of various body parts and hair morphology of the western honey bee.The different types of hairs,hair branches,and their distributions on various body parts were explained and discussed in depth in the current study.Twenty-four（N= 24）study sites in Jinan city were selected to collect data on pollinator diversity,including city parks,city hills,mountains,and adjacent villages.For data analysis,the plant species were grouped into families,and pollinator species were grouped into nine morphotypes,including bugs,Bumblebees,Coleoptera,Honeybees,Lepidoptera,Other flies,Other Hymenoptera,Solitary bees,and Syrphidae.The hair length of various body parts of the western honey bee was measured using a stereomicroscope and live measurement module software of Leica M165 C microscope.The scanning electron microscope（SEM）was utilized to update knowledge of a western honey bee’s hair structure.Fewer diversity of plants and pollinators was found in city sites,contradicting previous research studies.When the pollinator’s diversity was compared along the urban gradient,it was found that the cities were dominated by Honeybees,Solitary bees,and Syrphidae respectively.Villages supported the richest pollinator and plant communities because most flowering species were found in villages,including fruits and vegetable plants.The results show high Lepidoptera richness in villages.There was no record of bumblebees found in city hills and city parks,which shows the adverse effects of urbanization on bumblebee populations residing in cities.Along urban gradient,pollinator’s richness varied higher in villages followed by mountains,city parks,and lowest in city hills.Five different hair branches were found,and these branches varied depending on the different body parts.Hair length and the number of branches on all body parts were proven to have a positive correlation.This is the first study conducted in Shandong to check the effect of urbanization on pollination networks along the urban gradient and develop a novel method to measure hair length.It also provides enough information about the western honey bee’s hair morphology.Based on the results,this study recommends the management of City parks to conserve the native flora.The methodology described in this study to measure hair length will be useful for measuring hairiness traits such as hair length and morphological structure of hairs on different body parts.It will also help researchers understand the western honey bee’s pollination efficiency.