Fogging is always a significant problem for agricultural films,where fog may reduce the light transmission resulting in an adverse effect on the yield and quality of crops.Many reports have been disclosed in the field of antifogging on the surfaces of plastic films.Nevertheless,these methods have drawbacks,such as the cumbersome preparation process,high-cost experimental components,and toxic reagents.In the present work,a simple and effective technique is adopted to develop a low-cost super-hydrophilic layer based on PVA for coating LDPE films with excellent fogging resistance properties and extraordinary light transmittance.Corona discharge treatment is applied to play a pivotal role in the stability of the coating layer by creating a fertile environment for solid chemical bonding on the surface of the LDPE film.By adding TBS buffer solution with surfactants,the overall hydrophilicity performance of the film becomes enhanced.Further,adding silica nanoparticles in different concentrations to the mixture solution increases the wetting and coating stability.The time-domain NMR is employed to clarify the influence of surface free energy on the formation of silica aggregations.The results show that the increase in the bound water fraction promotes the formation of homogeneously distributed silica aggregates into particles dispersed on the surface.The described technique results in the homogeneous deposition of the antifogging coating layer on the surface of LDPE film,which becomes super-hydrophilic.Our findings indicate the film modified by an antifogging coating containing silica nanoparticles can stand fog-free for more than one month under the hot fog test according to the SEM images,ATR-FTIR chemical bonding,and contact angle after one month in the hot dripping test.Through this work,adding buffer solutions to non-ionic fillers and further filling them into the polymer matrix will open a new strategy for anti-fogging films relevant to greenhouse technology in agriculture.The second work studied the coffee ring effect（CRE）phenomenon due to the inhomogeneous coating.When a colloidal droplet with hanging particles evaporates on a flat substrate,a ring-shaped structure develops around the droplet’s edge.This phenomenon may be noticed in everyday life when liquid droplets containing suspended particles evaporate,such as ring stains left behind by spilled coffee drips.However,it is unsuitable for applications that need homogeneous particle deposition on surfaces,such as agricultural films and optical applications.In the present work,a simple and effective technique using solid-state low field NMR is adopted to demonstrate slowing down the evaporation rate induces the Marangoni flow and aids in decreasing CRE generation from evaporated colloidal droplets,even in the absence of the additives（surfactant or polymer）.In addition,the T2 Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence（CPMG）approach was used to monitor nano-fluid droplets with different evaporation speeds and a variety of additive concentrations on the hydrophobic lowdensity polyethylene（LDPE）surface to explain the formation of the CRE and uniform distribution of silica nanoparticles on changes in water fractions during evaporation.Our findings revealed that reducing the evaporation rate with the presence of surfactant and polymer by regulating water fractions in colloidal solutions has a significant impact on the silica nanoparticles uniform distribution and prevention of CRE formation during the coating process,which is critical in the industrial sector and linked scientific research.The third work focuses on coating glasses for super-hydrophilic and robust layers.Antifogging/antimicrobial dual-functional coatings can be applied to transparent substrates.However,few studies on such dualfunctional layers have been published thus far.This study used a straightforward one-pot method to create an antifogging and antimicrobial composite coatings layer of chitosan/silica（Ch/SiO2）.Using solid-state low field nuclear magnetic resonance（LF-NMR）,the effect of introducing modified silica nanoparticles（MSN）to chitosan structure was investigated.Two states（solution-state and solid-state）were utilized to evaluate the antifogging/antimicrobial properties of the coating layers based on the mobility of the significant water fractions using the T2 Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill（CPMG）sequence methodology.The hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attractions created by MSN（water molecules/hydronium ions）in the solution state result in a higher bound water ratio in the final layers after drying,improving the antifogging and antimicrobial properties with good mechanical performance.Therefore,based on the chitosan/silica layer,95%is the minimum proportion of bound water necessary in the final layer structure compared to the other water fractions to restrict microbial activity and minimize the fogging concerns.The information gathered can be a quick,non-destructive,and non-invasive preliminary indication of antifogging/antimicrobial coating quality.