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20世纪初著名的意大利教育专家蒙台梭利认为,学生具备一种自我成长并形成健全人格的生命力,正是这种内在的生命力促使学生不断发展。她还认为,对学生的自发的生命力是进行压制还是引导,是区分教育优劣的分水岭,只有顺应学生内在生命力发展的教育,才会有利于学生的健康成长。所以,了解学生、明确他们自身发展的真正需要是成功实施教育的关键。那么,怎样才能了解、明确学生自身发展的真正需要呢?人民教育出版社课程研究室的任长松先生在《探究式学习的18个原则》一文中
Montessori, a famous Italian education expert at the beginning of the 20th century, believed that students should have a vitality that grows up and forms a sound personality. It is this intrinsic vitality that encourages the continuous development of students. She also believes that it is a watershed that distinguishes the pros and cons of education by suppressing or guiding students’ spontaneous vitality. Only by complying with the education of the intrinsic vitality of students will it be conducive to the healthy growth of students. Therefore, knowing the students and clarifying the real needs of their own development is the key to the successful implementation of education. So, how can we understand and clarify the real needs of the students themselves? Ren Changsong, director of the People’s Education Press’s Curriculum Research Office, in his article “The 18 Principles of Inquiry Learning”