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目的比较自体雪旺细胞（Ｓｃｈｗａｎｎｃｅｌ，ＳＣ）、异体ＳＣ、ＳＣ培养液对周围神经损伤后的再生作用。方法取４０只ＳＤ大鼠，将其坐骨神经切除１ｃｍ造成神经缺损。用羊膜基底膜桥接后，分成４组，在羊膜基底膜管中分别植入：（１）自体ＳＣ；（２）异体ＳＣ；（３）ＳＣ培养液；（４）生理盐水，为对照组。术后１个月和３个月，各组分别进行神经－肌电图和组织学观察。结果术后３个月，自体ＳＣ组、ＳＣ培养液组的运动神经传导速度比术后１个月增快１２．１％、１１．２％；运动诱发电位波幅比术后１个月增高１４．９％、４．７％；而异体ＳＣ组和对照组则呈下降趋势。组织学发现：术后１个月４组均有神经轴突长过桥接段。术后３个月自体ＳＣ组、ＳＣ培养液组神经纤维数量增多、轴突直径增粗、髓鞘形成较好。结论自体ＳＣ和ＳＣ培养液对周围神经的再生有很好的促进作用。机体对异体ＳＣ会产生排斥反应，暂不宜采用。
Objective To compare the regenerative effects of Schwann cell (SC), allogeneic SC and SC medium on peripheral nerve injury. Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: sciatic nerve excision 1cm, nerve defect. After being bridged with amniotic basement membrane, they were divided into 4 groups and implanted in the amnion-basement membrane tube: (1) autologous SC; (2) allogenic SC; (3) SC culture; and (4) saline as the control group. At 1 month and 3 months after operation, neuro-EMG and histology were observed in each group. Results At 3 months after operation, the motor nerve conduction velocity in SC group and SC group increased 12.1% and 11.2% respectively compared with that in 1 month after surgery. The amplitude of motor evoked potential increased 14 .9% and 4.7% respectively, while allogeneic SC and control groups showed a decreasing trend. Histological findings: 1 month after surgery in all four groups axon longer than the bridging segment. At 3 months after operation, the number of nerve fibers in autologous SC group and SC group increased, axon diameter increased, and myelination was better. Conclusion The autologous SC and SC medium can promote the regeneration of peripheral nerve. The body of allogenic SC will have rejection reaction, should not be used temporarily.