一、前言德国数学家高斯(Karl Friedrich Gauss)根据偶然误差的正态分布特征,建立了误差理论。这一理论指出:在测量工作中,随着观测次数的无限增加,观测结果的算术平均值即为真值。事实上,对任何一个观测量,我们无法进行无限多次观测.但是,只要给出真值间的允许误差范围,则最少的观测次数是可以确定的。基于这一原理,地质工作中,研究成矿地质条件、预测找矿,对已知矿床研究其成因,查明其规模、形态、产状和质量特征及其工业利用条件,并最终做出评价。这些任务,只能通过一定地区的露头观测,一定数量的钻孔及坑 I. Introduction The German mathematician Karl Friedrich Gauss established the error theory based on the normal distribution of accidental errors. This theory states: In the measurement work, as the number of observations increases indefinitely, the arithmetic mean of the observations is the true value. In fact, we can not do an infinite number of observations for any one observation, but as long as the range of allowable errors between truths is given, the minimum number of observations can be determined. Based on this principle, in geological work, the geological conditions of mineralization are studied, ore prospecting is forecasted, the origin of known ore deposits is studied, and its scale, shape, shape and quality characteristics and industrial utilization conditions are ascertained and finally evaluated . These tasks can only be observed outcrops in certain areas, a certain number of holes and pit