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一、“焦黄脸儿”明代天启癸亥(一六二三)年,耶稣会的意大利神父艾儒略(Pere Giulio Aleni)用中国文言撰写了《职方外纪》,记述“绝域风土”。书上许多西方人名、地名、以及没有同义字的官职和学科的名称,都用音译,读来很费猜测。例如讲到西班牙的一节:“国人极好学,有共学在撒辣蔓加与亚尔加辣二所,远近学者聚焉。高人辈出,著作甚富,而陟禄日亚与天文之学尤精。古一名贤,曰多斯达笃者,居俾斯玻之位,著书最多,寿仅五旬有二。所著书籍,就始生至卒计之,每日当得三十六章,每章二千余言,尽属奥理。后人绘彼像,两手各执一笔,章其勤敏也。”两所“共学”想必指撒拉曼加(Sa-
I. “Jiao Huang Lian Er” Revealed in the Ming Dynasty In 1623, Pere Giulio Aleni, the Jesuit father of Italy, wrote “Outside the Staff Office” in Chinese scripture, and described “Territory Territory” . Many Westerners’ names, place names, and official titles and subject names without synonyms are all transliterated in the book, and it is very expensive to guess. For example, in the Spanish section: “The Chinese are very good at learning. They have a total of two schools of spicy spirits and Yargar spicy, far and near scholars gathered Yan. Especially fine.Ancient Yin, said DuoSta Ducaster, living Bismarck bit, the largest number of books, only two years of life there are two books. Sixteen chapters, each chapter more than two thousand words, all belong to the Austrian. Descendants painted one another, each with a hand, Zhang Qimin also. ”The two“ learning ”must mean Sarah Manga (Sa-