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通过对7名优秀武术散打运动员3周高住高训低练(HiHiLo)训练前、后与身体机能相关指标进行的分析,探讨HiHiLo对优秀武术散打运动员身体机能的影响,以期把HiHiLo训练方法运用到武术散打运动项目中提供实验依据。方法:7名优秀男子武术散打运动员进行为期三周的HiHiLo训练,即每天晚上在模拟海拔2 500 m~2 800 m(氧气浓度14.7%~15.4%)低氧环境中居住至少10 h,每周在模拟海拔2 500 m(氧气浓度15.4%)缺氧环境下进行3次低氧训练,其他时间进行正常生活和常氧环境下的常规专项训练。在HiHiLo前和HiHiLo结束后对受试者进行最大摄氧量、血乳酸和血氧饱和度的测试,并于实验前1 d、实验期间每周同一天及实验结束后第3 d清晨进行血象监测。结果:HiHiLo训练后最大摄氧量的绝对值和相对值都显著提高(P<0.05),最大功率显著升高(P<0.01),力竭时间明显延长(P<0.01);HiHiLo训练前、后两条血乳酸—负荷曲线表现的趋势大致相同,但是训练后降低了同级运动负荷时的血乳酸值,乳酸阈强度增加;HiHiLo训练后血氧饱和度值均有非常显著的提高(P<0.01);HiHiLo前、后红细胞、红细胞压积和血红蛋白无显著性变化。另外,HiHiLo可以提高优秀武术散打运动员机体载氧能力直接相关的血液指标水平,这种改变主要表现在实验第2周。结论:为期3周的HiHiLo训练提高了优秀武术散打运动员的身体机能,并且在赛前机能状态表现良好。
By analyzing HiHiLo training indexes before and after training for 3 weeks, this paper discusses the influence of HiHiLo on physical function of elite Wushu Sanda athletes, Wushu Sanda to provide experimental basis for the project. Methods: Seven elite male Wushu Sanda athletes were trained for three weeks of HiHiLo training, that is, every night they lived in hypoxia environment at simulated altitude of 2 500 m -2 800 m (oxygen concentration 14.7% -15.4%) for at least 10 h, Hypoxia training was performed 3 times in hypoxia environment at a simulated altitude of 2 500 m (oxygen concentration 15.4%), and regular special training under normal and normoxic conditions at other times. Subjects were tested for maximum oxygen uptake, blood lactate, and oxygen saturation before and after HiHiLo, and blood was collected on the first day of the experiment, on the same day of the week and on the third day after the experiment monitor. Results: The absolute value and relative value of maximum oxygen uptake after HiHiLo training increased significantly (P <0.05), the maximum power increased significantly (P <0.01) and the exhaustion time prolonged significantly (P <0.01) The latter two blood lactic acid-load curves showed roughly the same tendency, but after training, the blood lactic acid value and the lactate threshold intensity were decreased after exercise, and the oxygen saturation value after HiHiLo training was significantly increased (P <0.01). There was no significant change in erythrocyte, hematocrit and hemoglobin before and after HiHiLo. In addition, HiHiLo can improve the level of blood indexes directly related to the oxygen carrying capacity of excellent Wushu Sanda athletes. The change mainly manifests in the second week of the experiment. Conclusion: The three-week HiHiLo training improved the physical functioning of excellent Wushu Sanda athletes and performed well before the race.