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历史辩证法是主张人类历史是一个有规律的发展过程的学说。随着资本主义生产和各国人民交往的不断发展,历史辩证法为综合考察世界历史、揭示历史过程的内部联系和规律性提供了可能。意大利哲学家维科在唯心主义的基础上最先提出了人类历史是按自然的必然性有规律地发展过程的观点。法国哲学家卢梭把不平等的产生看作是历史的进步同时又是一种退步,将历史在矛盾中前进运动的思想贯注其中。德国哲学家黑格尔是近代唯心辩证法哲学最著名的代表,他把辩证法运用于社会历史领域,建立了客观唯心主义的辩证的历史哲学理论。
Historical dialectics is a doctrine advocating that human history is a regular process of development. With the continuous development of capitalist production and the exchanges among peoples, historical dialectics offers the possibility of comprehensively examining world history and revealing the internal relations and regularity of historical processes. On the basis of idealism, Italian philosopher Vico first proposed that human history develop in a regular manner according to the inevitability of nature. The French philosopher Rousseau regarded the emergence of inequality as a historical advance and a retrogressive step, concentrating the thought that history has marched forward in contradictions. Hegel, the German philosopher, is the most famous representative of the idealist dialectics of philosophy in modern times. He applied dialectics to the field of social history and established objective and idealist dialectical historical philosophy.