我国石煤资源十分丰富。石煤是一种炭质页岩,虽发热量较低,但用途甚广。既是工业和民用燃料,也是冶金、化工的重要原料,同时石煤渣还可作建筑用材。南方一些省已用石煤作为动力燃料,建成了石煤火力发电站,并开展了石煤的综合利用,大力开采石煤。然而有不少石煤,尤其是我国南方的石煤含有铀、镭等放射性原素。因此,石煤开采除有一般采矿业的有害因素存在外,还可能出现放射性危害。当前,对待石煤开采中的问题存在两种偏向:一是无所谓,二是 China’s stone coal resources are very rich. Stone coal is a carbonaceous shale, although the heat is lower, but a wide range of uses. Both industrial and civil fuels, but also metallurgical, chemical raw materials, while stone cinder can also be used for construction timber. In some southern provinces, stone coal has been used as a fuel for power generation, and a coal-fired power station has been built and a comprehensive utilization of stone coal has been launched to vigorously exploit stone coal. However, there are a lot of stone coal, especially southern China’s coal stone containing uranium, radium and other radioactive elements. Therefore, stone mining in addition to the existence of the general mining industry, the existence of harmful factors, there may be radioactive hazards. At present, there are two kinds of biases in the treatment of stone coal mining: one is indifferent and the other is