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随着无线与移动通信个人业务的快速发展,利用无线信道的特性生成密钥的方法成为新的研究热点,但这种方法并非绝对安全。当窃听者获得足够的散射环境信息和用户位置信息,就可能重构出合法用户之间的信道信息,影响密钥的安全性。其中用户和窃听者共同的散射环境难以做到对窃听者保密,但用户位置信息由于用户移动和窃听者有限的观测能力具备不确定性,能够为密钥生成提供安全保障。该文以密钥生成速率为安全性的衡量,研究了基于合法用户位置信息的密钥生成速率。首先推导了窃听者对不同场景(视距、非视距和不同散射物数量)中的用户位置推测误差表达式;然后通过仿真,分析了窃听者对距离和角度不同观测误差、同一密钥生成周期内不同的信道观测次数对密钥生成速率的影响;基于仿真和分析结果,证明了利用用户位置不确定度能够保障一定的密钥生成速率,从而确保了密钥的安全。
With the rapid development of personal business of wireless and mobile communications, it is a new research hotspot to generate the key using the characteristics of wireless channels. However, this method is not absolutely secure. When the eavesdropper gets enough scattering environment information and user location information, it is possible to reconstruct the channel information between legitimate users and affect the key security. The common scattering environment between users and eavesdroppers is difficult to keep the eavesdroppers confidential, but the user location information is insecure due to the uncertainty of user’s movement and eavesdroppers’ limited observation ability, which can provide security for key generation. In this paper, the key generation rate is a measure of security, and the key generation rate based on the location information of legal users is studied. First, we deduce the eavesdropper ’s erroneous expression of user position in different scenes (line of sight, non - line - of - sight and the number of different scatterers). Then by simulation, we analyze the eavesdroppers’ different observation errors of distance and angle, The effect of different times of channel observation on the rate of key generation is analyzed. Based on the simulation and analysis results, it is proved that the key generation rate can be ensured by using the location uncertainty of users, and the key security is ensured.