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在异质企业国际贸易理论中,关于国内外市场进入成本的界定是理论结论赖以成立的关键条件。研究结果表明,国内外市场进入成本差异并不是外生的,而是依赖于企业的微观特征。所以,“出口是高生产率企业的自发选择”这一论断并不具有普遍适用性。由于我国的外资企业或加工贸易企业一般都拥有事前的国外销售经历或者现成可用的国外销售渠道,所以进入国外市场的成本低于进入国内市场的成本。在此条件下,出口成为低生产率企业的自发选择,由此形成出口企业的生产率之谜。
In the foreign trade theory of heterogeneous enterprises, the definition of the entry cost of the domestic and foreign markets is the key condition for the establishment of the theory conclusion. The results show that the cost difference between domestic and foreign markets is not exogenous, but depends on the micro-characteristics of the enterprise. Therefore, “the spontaneous choice that exports are high-productivity enterprises” is not universally applicable. Since the foreign-funded enterprises or processing trade enterprises in our country generally have ex-overseas sales experience or ready-made foreign sales channels, the cost of entering foreign markets is lower than the cost of entering the domestic market. Under these conditions, exports become the spontaneous choice of low-productivity enterprises, thus forming the mystery of the productivity of export enterprises.