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目的分析1995-2014年江苏省连云港市赣榆区肾综合征出血热(HFRS)流行特征及宿主动物监测结果,探索控制HFRS的有效途径。方法收集赣榆区1995-2014年HFRS人间疫情和宿主动物监测资料进行回顾性分析。结果江苏省连云港市赣榆区1995-2014年共发生HFRS 1 065例,死亡11例,年平均发病率5.14/10万,病死率1.03%,疫情呈下降趋势,目前保持低发;全年各月均有发病,呈现春季发病高峰(春峰)和秋冬季发病高峰(秋冬峰),春峰有下降趋势,而秋冬峰则呈上升趋势;该区18个镇均有发病,HFRS疫情呈丘陵>平原>沿海的地区发病特点;发病年龄集中在30~50岁年龄组,占70.42%;男女性别比2.18∶1;病例职业分布以农民为主占88.37%,其次学生占5.63%。临床诊断病例与血清抗体检测符合率为59.59%;2000-2009年健康人群免疫水平高于1995-1999年。1995年以来宿主动物监测显示,该区仍为家鼠、野鼠混合型疫区,年平均混合带毒指数与发病率呈正相关。结论该区应有组织地开展防鼠、灭鼠,定期开展健康人群免疫水平监测,适时对农民等重点人群实施HFRS疫苗应急接种。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFRS epidemic in Ganyu, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province from 1995 to 2014 and the monitoring results of the host animals, and to explore effective ways to control HFRS. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on surveillance data of human epidemic and host animals in HFRS from 1995 to 2014 in Ganyu district. Results A total of 1,065 HFRS cases were found in Ganyu District, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province from 1995 to 2014, with 11 fatalities and an average annual incidence rate of 5.14 / lakh and a case fatality rate of 1.03%. The outbreak was on a downward trend and remained low at present. The incidence peaked in spring (peak in spring) and the onset peak in autumn and winter (peak in autumn and winter). The peak in spring peak decreased while the peak in autumn and winter peak increased. The incidence of HFRS peaked in hilly > Plain> coastal areas; the age of onset concentrated in the age group of 30 to 50 years, accounting for 70.42%; the sex ratio of men and women was 2.18:1; occupational distribution of cases accounted for 88.37% mainly for farmers, followed by students for 5.63%. The coincidence rate of clinical diagnosis and serum antibody test was 59.59%. The immunity level of healthy population from 2000 to 2009 was higher than that of 1995-1999. Host animal monitoring since 1995 shows that the area is still a mixture of domestic mice and wild mice, and the annual average mixed poison index has a positive correlation with the incidence. Conclusion In this area, the prevention and control of rodents and rodent control should be carried out in an organized manner. The level of immunity in healthy population should be regularly monitored, and the emergency vaccination of HFRS vaccine should be implemented in key populations such as farmers.