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免疫佐剂是一种免疫调节剂,可增强抗原的免疫原性、提高免疫效果。为增强疫苗的免疫原性在病毒性疫苗、DNA疫苗、多肽疫苗的研制中常加入免疫佐剂。目前批准可用于人体的免疫佐剂是铝佐剂,因只能引起体液免疫,不能有效诱导细胞免疫,因此寻找新的免疫佐剂已成为疫苗研制迫切需要解决的问题。研究表明,壳聚糖具有免疫佐剂效应,具有良好的组织相容性,可生物降解,安全无毒,因此壳聚糖将成为一种很有应用价值的免疫佐剂。本文就壳聚糖的理化性及其免疫佐剂研究做一综述。
Immune adjuvant is an immunomodulator that enhances the immunogenicity of the antigen and enhances the immune response. To enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines, immunoadjuvants are often added to the development of viral vaccines, DNA vaccines and peptide vaccines. Currently approved for the human immune adjuvant is the aluminum adjuvant, because it can only cause humoral immunity, can not effectively induce cellular immunity, so the search for a new immune adjuvant vaccine has become an urgent need to address the issue. Studies have shown that chitosan with immune adjuvant effect, has good histocompatibility, biodegradable, safe and non-toxic, so chitosan will become a valuable immune adjuvant. This article reviews the physical and chemical properties of chitosan and its immune adjuvant.