通过多年多种小区试验和多点高产示范,对小麦的产量构成因素和产量进行了研究。结果表明:适期和适期早播,只要处理好与播量、冻害之间的关系,就可以协调好穗、粒、重三因素的关系,提高产量。晚茬麦,采用地膜覆盖栽培,能够较好地协调穗、粒、重三因素的关系,提高产量;采用露地栽培,只有增加播量,依靠主茎成穗,以穗多取胜,才能取得高产。磷肥具有促进分蘖增加穗数,促进灌浆提高粒重的作用。氮肥也具有促进分蘖增加穗数的作用,而对粒数和穗重,则具有两重性,只有氮肥用量和基追比例适宜,才能协调好穗、粒、重三因素的关系,获得高产。 Through many years of plot experiments and multi-site high-yield demonstration, the yield components and yield of wheat were studied. The results showed that if the relationship between sowing date and frostbite was properly handled, the relationship between ear, sowing date and grain weight should be coordinated and the yield should be improved. The late crop of wheat, using mulching cultivation, can better coordinate the spike, grain, heavy three factors to improve the yield; using open-field cultivation, only increase the sowing, relying on the main stem spike, to win more spike in order to obtain high yield . Phosphate fertilizer has to promote tillering spike number, promote grain filling and improve grain weight. Nitrogen fertilizer also has the effect of increasing the number of spikelets per plant, while the number of grains and spike weight have the duality. Only when the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the proportion of basidiomyopathic plants are appropriate, can the relationship between spike, grain and weight be coordinated to obtain high yield.