20世纪80－90年代的苏东剧变，给世界各国的共产党带来了不同程度的冲击。在这种冲击下，有的国家的共产党宣布解散，有的改宗民主社会主义，有的坚持了下来、但处境艰难，也有的国家的共产党不仅坚持了下来，而且在实践中和在理论上都获得了较大的发展。现从发达国家的共产党中选择法国共产党、从发展中国家的共产党中选择南非共产党，作为典型实例来综述它们对社会主义的新探索。 The drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the 1980s and 1990s brought varying degrees of impact on the Communist parties in various countries in the world. Under such a shock, the communists in some countries announced the dissolution of the communist party and some persisted in reestablishing democratic socialism. However, they were in a difficult situation and the communist parties in some countries not only insisted on but also in practice and in theory Obtained a greater development. Now we choose the French Communist Party from the developed countries’ communist parties and the South African Communist Party from the communist parties in the developing countries as a typical example to review their new exploration of socialism.