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一、功能对等理论语言学家尤金·A.奈达(Eugene A.Nida)是当代翻译理论的主要奠基人。功能对等理论是奈达翻译理论的核心,该理论认为,翻译是用最恰当、自然和对等的语言从语义到文体再现源语的信息[1]。这种对等不是形式上的对等,而是动态对等,即翻译时不拘泥于原文的结构和个别词汇的绝对意义,而是着眼于文章要表达的精神和含义,并在此指导思想上进行翻译。在奈达看来,功能对等理论可从最低和最高两个层面来阐述:一是译文的读者能大致想象原文读者是如何理解原文的,二是译文读者完全可以用与原文读者理解原文的相同方式理解译文[2],也就是,要求译者通过翻译活动使对象读者能够体会到与源语言读者同样的阅读感受。
I. Functional Equivalence Theory The linguist Eugene A. Nida is the chief founder of contemporary translation theory. Functional equivalence theory is at the core of Nida’s translation theory, which holds that translation is the most appropriate, natural, and equivalent language to reproduce source language information from semantics to style [1]. This kind of equivalence is not formal equivalence but dynamic equivalence. In other words, translation does not rigidly adhere to the structure of the original text and the absolute meaning of individual words. Instead, it focuses on the spirit and meaning to be expressed in the article, and in this guiding principle On the translation. In Nida’s opinion, the functional equivalence theory can be explained from the two levels of the lowest and the highest: First, the readers of the translated text can roughly imagine how the original text readers understand the original text; second, the translated text readers can understand the original texts The same way to understand the translation [2], that is, the translator is required to enable target readers to experience the same reading experience as the source language readers.