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目的调查云南丽江玉龙县及古城区鼠疫自然疫源地小型兽类的构成及群落多样性特征,为鼠疫防控提供依据。方法在丽江玉龙县18个自然村和古城区9个自然村范围内,按鼠疫监测方案进行监测,捕获小型兽类进行种类鉴定。用群落生态学方法计算小型兽类的构成、多样性指数、均匀性指数、优势度指数和丰富度指数。结果共捕获小型兽类3目6科14属23种12 219只。其中啮齿目3科8属16种,食虫目2科5属6种,攀鼩目1科1属1种。群落多样性特征结果表明:三种不同生境的(Shannon–Wiener)多样性指数在1.148 9~1.493 0之间;(Pielou)均匀性指数在0.389 9~0.551 3之间;(Simpson)优势度指数在0.313 9~0.446 0之间;(Margalef)丰富度指数在2.031 4~2.311 9之间。Whittaker群落相似性指数比较结果,居民区与耕作地为极相似,居民区与林地、林地与耕作地为中等相似。结论丽江玉龙县及古城区鼠疫疫源地小型兽类以姬鼠(包括齐氏姬鼠、大耳姬鼠)、绒鼠(包括大绒鼠、玉龙绒鼠)、灰麝鼩、褐家鼠、黄胸鼠为优势种,群落多样性表明:居民区与耕作地为极相似,居民区与林地、林地与耕作地为中等相似。
Objective To investigate the composition and diversity of small mammals in the plague natural foci of Yulong County and the ancient city of Lijiang, Yunnan Province, and provide a basis for the prevention and control of the plague. Methods In 18 natural villages in Yulong county and 9 natural villages in Gucheng district, monitoring was conducted according to the plague surveillance program, and the small mammals were captured for species identification. The composition, diversity index, evenness index, dominance index and richness index of small mammals were calculated by community ecology method. Results A total of 12 219 small mammals were captured in 3 species, 6 families, 14 genera, and 23 species. Among them, 16 species belong to 8 genera and 3 families belong to rodent, 6 species belong to 2 genera and 5 genera to insects, and 1 species belong to 1 genera. The results of community diversity showed that the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the three habitats ranged from 1.148 9 to 1.493 0, the Pielou uniformity index ranged from 0.389 9 to 0.551 3, and the Simpson dominance index Between 0.313 9 and 0.446 0; (Margalef) abundance index between 2.031 4 ~ 2.311 9. Whittaker community similarity index comparison, residential area and cultivated land is very similar, residential area and forest land, woodland and cultivated land are similar. Conclusion The small mammals in plague foci of Yulong County and the ancient city of Lijiang City are mainly composed of Apodemus (including Apodemus agkistrodon, Apodemus agrari), the cashmere rat , Rattus flavipectus was the dominant species. The community diversity showed that the residential areas were very similar to the cultivated land, and the residential areas and woodland, woodland and cultivated land were moderately similar.