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一、什么是启发式孔子认为,“不愤不启,不悱不发”。学习中,学生心求通而尚未通,谓之“愤”;口欲言而未能言,谓之“悱”。孔子强调:不到学生心求通而未通之时,不启迪他,不开其意;不到学生口欲言而未能言之时,不开导他,不达其辞。就是说,要先让学生形成“愤”“悱”的心理状态,然后才予以开导、指点,这就是“启发”。总之,启发式教学符合教学过程的规律,符合学生的认知规律,符合马克思主义认识论和方法论。各学科教学
First, what is the heuristic Confucius believes that “not indignant, not without ”. Learning, the heart of students seeking but not yet through, that the “anger ”; mouth to speak without saying, that the “悱 ”. Confucius stressed: When the student’s heart and soul fail to pass, he does not enlighten him and does not mean to do so; That is to say, let the students form the psychological state of “anger ” “悱 ”, and then to enlighten, pointing, this is “inspiration ”. In short, heuristic teaching accords with the law of teaching process, in line with the cognitive rules of students, in line with Marxist epistemology and methodology. Various subjects teaching