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基于摩擦缓冲器冲击试验数据建立缓冲器多段线性模型,利用附加黏滞摩擦力和附加阻尼力进行理论修正,构建缓冲器多段线性修正模型,利用车辆冲击仿真及反映列车运行工况的三角函数位移激励对缓冲器多段线性修正模型进行验证和分析。计算结果表明:缓冲器多段线性修正模型较常规多段线性模型更接近冲击试验结果;转换速度及外部位移激励的频率会对车钩力尖峰阶段产生影响,转换速度越大或者外部频率越小,车钩力越先进入尖峰阶段,形成的磁滞环就越大,消耗的车辆振动能量越多,后续的车钩力和车辆相对位移就会越小;附加黏滞摩擦力较好地模拟了缓冲器特性曲线的尖峰现象,等效摩擦系数越大,附加黏滞摩擦力越大,车钩力也越大;附加阻尼和车体刚度的共同作用使缓冲器加载曲线与卸载曲线之间平稳过渡,在附加阻尼的修正下,即使缓冲器处于过渡曲线上遇到往复加载和卸载载荷,缓冲器也能形成磁滞耗能环,亦能耗散车辆之间的振动能量。
Based on the data of the impact test of the frictional damper, a multistage linear model of the damper is set up, and the theory of the additional viscous friction and the additional damping force is used to modify the model. The multistage linear model of the damper is built. The impact of the vehicle and the displacement of the trigonometric function Incentives are used to validate and analyze the multi-linear model of buffer. The calculation results show that the model of buffer multi-section linear correction is closer to the impact test than the conventional multi-section linear model. The conversion speed and the frequency of external displacement excitation have an impact on the peak force of the coupler force. The greater the conversion speed or the smaller the external frequency, The more the hysteresis loop is formed, the more vibration energy consumed by the vehicle, the smaller the subsequent hook force and the relative displacement of the vehicle will be. The additional viscous friction force better simulates the characteristics of the damper The larger the equivalent friction coefficient is, the larger the additional viscous friction force is, and the larger the hook force is. The combined effect of the additional damping and the body rigidity makes the transition between the buffer loading curve and the unloading curve smooth. As a remedy, the bumper can form a hysteresis loop and dissipate vibrational energy between vehicles, even when the bumper is subjected to reciprocating loading and unloading loads on the transition curve.