孟子对孔门诗教意义的生发,历来为人们所称道。然而人们却往往忽略了诗学发展进程中的一个重要背景,那就是孔子至孟子时,《诗》正经历着由与乐舞结合走向分离的过程。把这一背景纳入考量范围就会发现,在《诗》学巨变过程中,孟子在《诗》的政教意义的最终赋予上具有其他诸子难以企及的贡献。孔子之时,诗乐舞尚未分离,《诗》教即是乐教,换而言之,孔子并没有赋予《诗》之文本以独立的政治教化意义;而《诗》三百脱离乐舞之后、其独立教化意义的赋予则多赖孟子之力。而这正是孟子于《诗》教发展的最大贡献,汉人解《诗》无不脱离乐舞而单从《诗》之文本入手,从这一角度上来讲,汉代诗学的经学化进程正是赖此而开;汉代乃至后世的《诗》的经学化阐释路径,也主要是由孟子导夫先路的。 Mencius’s poetic meaning of Confucianism has always been praised by people. However, people often overlook an important background in the development of poetics. When Confucius to Mencius, the poem is going through the process of separation from music and dance. Taking this background into account, we can find that in the process of the great changes of “poetry”, Mencius has made unparalleled contribution to the ultimate endowment of the political and religious significance of “Poem”. In the meantime, Confucius did not separate poetry and dance, and “poem” taught it as music education. In other words, Confucius did not give the text “poem” independent political enlightenment. However, after “three poems” were separated from music and dance, The meaning of independent enlightenment is more dependent on the power of Mencius. This is exactly the greatest contribution Mencius made to the development of “poem” teaching. Han’s solution to “poem” is not only from music and dance, but from the text of “poem”. From this perspective, This opened up; Han Dynasty and later generations of “poetry” of the path of interpretation of science, but also mainly by Mencius pioneer husband.