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肿瘤发生和恶化转化过程中导致细胞的异常编程,并由此产生了肿瘤干细胞。肿瘤干细胞具有自我更新和可塑性潜能,是肿瘤起始、转移、耐药和复发的根源。因此,对肿瘤重编程和肿瘤干细胞的研究具有重大科学价值和临床意义。表观遗传调控在肿瘤重编程中发挥重要作用。染色质重塑复合物、组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA等表观遗传机制都参与了癌变重编程。这些表观遗传调控可以调控肿瘤干细胞的自我更新和分化形成新肿瘤的能力。表观遗传调控癌变重编程、肿瘤干细胞自我更新的调控以及针对肿瘤干细胞表观调控机制的靶向治疗等问题,已成为肿瘤生物学研究的重点。现就染色质重塑复合物、组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA对癌变重编程和肿瘤干细胞调控的研究进展进行了综述。
Tumorigenesis and progression of malignant transformation lead to abnormal cell programming, and tumor stem cells are produced. Cancer stem cells have the potential of self-renewal and plasticity and are the root of tumor initiation, metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence. Therefore, the study of tumor reprogramming and tumor stem cells has great scientific value and clinical significance. Epigenetic regulation plays an important role in tumor reprogramming. Epigenetic mechanisms such as chromatin remodeling complexes, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA are involved in cancer reprogramming. These epigenetic controls regulate the ability of tumor stem cells to self-renew and differentiate to form new tumors. Epigenetic regulation of cancerous reprogramming, regulation of tumor stem cell self-renewal, and targeted therapy of tumor stem cell apparent regulation mechanism have become the focus of tumor biology research. The progress of research on the reprogramming of cancer cells and the regulation of cancer stem cells is reviewed in this paper.