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核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3（NLRP3）炎症复合体属于一种常见的模式识别受体，在调节先天免疫和保护性免疫中均发挥重要作用。近年来，大量文献报道，NLRP3炎性复合体及其激活的下游信号级联，例如白细胞介素（ IL）1β、IL－18等，可以有效地阻止病毒和微生物的入侵，并帮助修复损伤细胞和组织。然而，近来也有文献报道IL－1β等活动的异常调节可以参与多种疾病的发生、发展。炎症复合体通过激活一系列下游信号转导通路，参与多种炎症疾病的发展。因此，NLRP3炎症复合体在机体疾病的发生中的起关键作用。“,”The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing family pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes belong to the pattern recognition receptors family,which plays an important role in mediating both innate immunity and protective immunity .The NLRP3 inflammasomes and downstream signa-ling cascades,such as interleukin(IL)1β,IL-18, can both protect organism from virus and pathogen infec-tion and help repair injured cells and tissues.However,recent reports have shown that the abnormal regula-tion of IL1βis implicated in a variety of seemingly divergent disease .The inflammasome is involved in several kinds of inflammatory disease through activating a series of downstream signal transduction pathways .There-fore,NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role in the onset of diseases.