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目的分析学生狂犬病暴露的流行病学特点,为预防学生狂犬病提供依据。方法收集天津市疾病预防控制中心动物致伤门诊2013年2 226名学生狂犬病暴露就诊者的病历资料,进行统计分析。结果小学生除上肢以外的其他部位暴露比例较高(53.32%),三级暴露比例偏高(11.83%),男女暴露比例为1.50:1;大学生由猫造成的暴露比例偏高(23.48%),男女暴露比例为0.78:1;学生在户外发生的三级暴露率高于室内(χ~2=-8.27,P<0.05),除上肢以外的其他部位暴露率也高于室内(χ~2=93.24,P<0.05)。结论小学男生和大学女生是预防狂犬病知识宣传的重点人群,学生在户外尤应注意避免因挑逗触摸犬猫等不当行为而加大狂犬病感染风险。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies exposure in students and provide evidence for preventing rabies in students. Methods The data of medical records of 2 226 students exposed to rabies in 2013 from the animal disease clinic of Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention were collected for statistical analysis. Results Except for the upper extremities, pupils were exposed to a higher proportion (53.32%), third grade (11.83%) were higher, the ratio of male to female exposure was 1.50: 1, and the cats exposed by cats were higher (23.48% The exposure rate of male to female was 0.78: 1. The tertiary exposure rate of students outdoors was higher than that of indoor (χ ~ 2 = -8.27, P <0.05) 93.24, P <0.05). Conclusions Primary boys and girls in universities are the key people in prevention of rabies epidemic. Students should pay special attention to avoid the risk of rabies infection due to improper behavior such as catching dogs and cats.