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目的 分析我国学龄青少年体重指数 (BMI)分布的地域、人群差异 ,为制定BMI筛查肥胖标准提供依据。方法 以 2 0 0 0年全国学生体质健康调研 2 2 82 5 0名 6～ 18岁青少年为对象 ,分组计算BMI百分位数 ,以P5、P50 和P95为代表、分析不同群体间差异。结果 不同群体间BMI差异主要体现在P95高位。城乡差异最明显 ,大城市和中下水平农村 13岁男生BMI均值分别为 2 5 7和 2 1 1,相差4 6 ;11岁女生BMI分别为 2 2 8和 2 0 3,相差 2 5 ,提示城市群体中肥胖者显著较多。南北差异也很明显 ,尤其在生长突增期 ,北、南 11岁女生BMI分别为 2 2 3和 2 1 0 ,相差 1 3;北、南 14岁男生分别为2 5 4和 2 3 5 ,相差 1 9,提示北方人群中肥胖者多于南方。发达和不发达地区群体的BMI差异自 7岁即很明显 ,男为 2 2 5和 16 7,女为 19 8和 16 3,是中国不同群体营养状况差异的集中体现。在BMI的P5低位上 ,城乡、南北等差异都较小 ,提示所有群体中都依然存在营养不良问题。结论 制定中国青少年肥胖筛查标准应尽量利用高生长水平群体为参照 ,以适应生长长期趋势进程 ,体现前瞻性 ;同时又应考虑现有的城乡、南北和不同经济群体差异 ,使新建标准能全国统一使用 ,广泛体现适用性。
Objective To analyze the geographical and population differences of body mass index (BMI) distribution in Chinese adolescents and to provide the basis for the development of BMI screening obesity standards. Methods A total of 228250 adolescents aged 6-18 years were enrolled in the National Student Physical Health Survey in 2000. The percentiles of BMI were calculated in groups. P5, P50 and P95 were used as the representative to analyze the differences among different groups. Results The differences of BMI between different groups mainly reflected in the P95 high. The difference between urban and rural areas was the most obvious. The mean BMI of 13-year-old boys in big cities and middle and lower rural areas were respectively 25.7 and 21.1, a difference of 46%. The 11-year-old girls had BMIs of 2 28 and 20 3 respectively, a difference of 25, suggesting Obesity is significantly greater in urban populations. The difference between north and south is also obvious. Especially in the period of sudden growth, the BMI of north and south 11-year-old girls are respectively 223 and 210, a difference of 13; the north and south 14-year-old boys are respectively 254 and 235, A difference of 19 suggests that more obese people in the North than in the South. The difference in BMI between developed and underdeveloped regions has been evident since the age of 7, with 225 and 167 females and 19 8 females and 16 females, respectively, reflecting the differences in nutritional status among different groups in China. In the BMI P5 low, urban and rural areas, north and south differences are small, suggesting that all groups are still malnutrition. Conclusion The criteria for developing obesity screening among adolescents in China should make full use of the population with high growth as a reference to adapt to the long-term trend of growth and reflect forward-lookingness. At the same time, the differences between urban and rural areas, north-south and different economic groups should be considered, Unified use of a wide range of applicability.