特定领域问题图式的质量是造成专家与新手问题解决技能存在差异的主要原因。专家面对无法归为某类图式的问题也需要运用解决问题的一般方法如类推法进行求解。据此,科学课程中问题解决的教学应以问题图式作为主要目标,同时对于无法归类的问题,应围绕一定的主题加以有序组织,以利于学生运用类推等方法解决。 The quality of problem-oriented schema in specific areas is the main reason for the difference between expert and novice problem solving skills. Experts can not solve the problem of certain types of schemata also need to use the general method of solving problems such as analogy. Accordingly, the teaching of problem solving in the science curriculum should take the problem schema as the main goal. At the same time, the problems that can not be classified should be organized around certain topics in order to facilitate the students to use analogy and other methods to solve them.