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一、引言 渊源流长的犹太人历史,有很大一部分是由散居在外的犹太人创造的。所谓散居在外的犹太人,是指寄居在古以色列国之外的犹太民族。犹太人最先为人所知的地方在古以色列。在两千多年向外散居的生存过程中,好几种杰出的散居文化得到了发展。譬如:在西班牙发达起来的西班牙和葡萄牙犹太人,取名为希伯来语名字的西班牙Sephardic Jewry。通过移民,西班牙和葡萄牙犹太文明传播到了土耳其和中东,传到了欧洲南部的一些地区,以及非洲北部。散居在外的犹太民族也产生了“东方”犹太人,他们寄居在阿拉伯地区和其它一些地方。在中国,开封的犹太人社团就有一个悠长而又丰
I. INTRODUCTION A large part of Jewish history with a long history is created by diasporas. The so-called diaspora of Jews refers to the Jewish people living outside the ancient Israel. The first place the Jews knew was in ancient Israel. During the more than 2,000 years of exodus, several outstanding diasporas developed. For example: the Spanish and Portuguese Jews in Spain developed, the Spanish Sephardic Jewry named after the Hebrew name. Through immigration, Jewish civilization of Spain and Portugal spread to Turkey and the Middle East, reaching some parts of southern Europe, as well as northern Africa. The diaspora Jew also produced “east” Jews who dwells in the Arab region and elsewhere. In China, there is a long and prosperous Jewish community in Kaifeng