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妊娠期高血压疾病(Hypertensive Disorder Complecating Pregnancy,HDCP)是妊娠期出现的特有疾病,是导致围产期母儿患病率和死亡率的重要原因之一,虽然在过去的二十年中,对妊娠期高血压疾病的病因和病理生理改变有了更深的认识,但是其病因和发病机制远未阐明,也没有特异性诊断方法,他们都制约着妊娠期高血压疾病的预防和其疗效的进一步完善。因此,妊娠期高血压疾病仍然是围产医学的长期且重要研究课题之一。近年来,随着医学基础理论特别是分子生物学的研究进展,生殖免疫逐渐成为国内外学者关注的热点。大量研究表明,妊娠期高血压疾病发病的中心环节为广泛的血管内皮损伤,其中免疫细胞和细胞因子与疾病的关系引起越来越多的关注。IL-12是白介素家族中近年来发现的新成员,它不但是很强的免疫调节因子,还具有强烈的抗血管生成作用,使内皮细胞有丝分裂素血管内皮细胞表达下降,直接遏制胎盘血管系统发育;IL-12在调节Th细胞亚群的平衡方面起着关键作用,研究发现IL-12的有使Th2转化为Th1的作用。P物质(sustanceP,SP)是一种发现最早、广泛分布于外周和中枢神经系统中具有众多生物活性的11肽。SP是一种舒血管物质,能增强血管通透性,导致血浆渗出和水肿,胎盘产生的P物质(SP)可能在其受体介导下参与胎盘激素合成和释放、胎盘毛细血管发生、微循环以及胚胎免疫功能的调节。
Hypertensive Disorder Complecting Pregnancy (HDCP) is a unique disease that occurs during pregnancy and is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in perinatal motherhood, although in the past two decades, Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy etiology and pathophysiology have a deeper understanding, but its etiology and pathogenesis is far from elucidated, there is no specific diagnostic methods, they are restricting the prevention and treatment of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy further perfect. Therefore, gestational hypertension remains one of the long-term and important research topics in perinatal medicine. In recent years, with the progress of basic medical theory, especially molecular biology, reproductive immunity has gradually become the focus of scholars at home and abroad. A large number of studies have shown that the central part of the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy is a wide range of vascular endothelial injury, of which immune cells and cytokines and diseases caused by more and more attention. IL-12 is a new member discovered in recent years in the interleukin family. Not only is it a strong immunoregulatory factor, IL-12 also has a strong anti-angiogenic effect. It decreases the expression of endothelial cell mitochondrial endothelial cells and directly inhibits the development of placental vascular system ; IL-12 plays a key role in the regulation of the balance of Th cell subsets. It has been found that IL-12 has the effect of converting Th2 to Th1. Substance P (SP) is one of the earliest 11 peptides that has a wide range of biological activities in the peripheral and central nervous system. SP is a vasodilator that enhances vascular permeability resulting in plasma exudates and edema. Substance P (SP) produced by the placenta may be involved in the synthesis and release of placental hormones, placental angiogenesis, Microcirculation and regulation of immune function in embryos.