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近年来,中国企业的权益结构与劳资关系正发生历史性变化:资方的权益明显上升,而职工的权益则相对下降。劳资关系的这种变化是由产权结构的变化引起的。在典型的企业中,由于企业合约的特殊性和不同成员投入要素禀赋的差异,生产者在与资方的谈判中总是处于弱势地位。为此,只有实现生产者自身群体的整合和法律的保护,才能改变生产者的弱势地位。本文以谈判力的分析为主要线索,着重探讨要素投入者的谈判力与企业权益结构的关系,并对如何维护生产者的权益,构建和谐的劳资关系提出一些政策性的建议。
In recent years, historic changes have taken place in the structure of the rights and interests of Chinese enterprises and the labor-capital relations: the rights and interests of employers have obviously risen, while the rights and interests of employees have dropped relatively. This change in labor relations is caused by changes in the structure of property rights. In a typical enterprise, due to the particularity of the enterprise contract and the difference in factor endowments among different members, producers are always in a disadvantaged position in negotiation with employers. For this reason, the weak position of producers can only be changed by integrating the producers’ own groups and protecting the law. This article takes the analysis of bargaining power as the main clues, focuses on the relationship between the bargaining power of factor input and the structure of enterprise’s rights and interests, and puts forward some policy recommendations on how to safeguard the rights and interests of producers and build a harmonious labor-capital relationship.