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煅是一种用高温加热处理药材的方法。将药材直接或间接放入火中煅烧,其温度一般在300～700℃之间,个别药材则要求达到800～900℃,以药材煅至质地疏松、或失去结晶水变成无水药物或炭化为度。本法适用于矿石、动物贝壳和含有粘液质的药材。《中国药典》90版一部共收载需煅制的药材19种,占常用药材4%左右。据笔者调查,有相当一部分医疗单位无炮制室和炮制人员,依赖药材公司加工。而大部分药材公司也个具备煅制条件,或因用量小、品种少被忽视,或因煅制后药物损失过大等原因不予煅制,成为中药炮制的真空地带,一些煅制的药材也存在“不及”或“太过”现象。为了确保人民群众用药安全有效,现将国药煅制的体会简述如下:
Calcining is a method of heating herbs with high temperature. The herbs are burned directly or indirectly into the fire, the temperature of which is generally between 300-700°C, and individual herbs are required to reach 800-900°C. The herbs are calcined to loose texture, or lose crystal water and become anhydrous drugs or charring. For degree. This law applies to ores, animal shells and medicinal materials containing mucilage. The first edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, edition 90, contained 19 types of medicinal materials that were required to be forged, accounting for about 4% of the commonly used medicinal materials. According to the author’s investigation, a considerable number of medical units have no processing rooms and concocted personnel and rely on the processing of herbal medicine companies. Most herbal companies also have fuming conditions, or because they are used in small quantities, are neglected in small varieties, or are not fumed due to excessive loss of drugs after forging, etc., and become a vacuum zone for Chinese medicine processing, and some forged medicinal herbs. There is also a phenomenon of “not enough” or “too much.” In order to ensure that the people’s medication is safe and effective, the experience of the Chinese medicine forging is summarized as follows: