车轴是转向架最重要的部件之一,但要采用预防车轴失效的安全设计是很困难的。因此,车轴的设计需要有较高的失效可靠性,并且早在130年前就开始了对车轴强度的研究。 1850年,德国工程师韦勒(Whler)就做了预防车轴失效的各种疲劳试验。继韦勒之后,长期以来人们已在预防轮座压装部分由于擦伤腐蚀而产生的微小裂纹、降低应力集中的方法、用热处理或表面滚压来提高疲劳强度以及在运用条件下测定作用于车轴上的载荷与应力等方面做了许多研究工作。所以,车轴设计中所采用的许用应力和安全系数是以实验数据为基础的。这些设计 Axles are one of the most important components of bogies, but it is difficult to adopt a safe design that prevents axle failure. As a result, the design of the axle requires a high degree of failure reliability, and the study of axle strength began as early as 130 years ago. In 1850, the German engineer Whler made various fatigue tests to prevent axle failure. Following Weiler, people have for some time been preventing small cracks in the seat press due to scratch corrosion, methods to reduce stress concentrations, heat treatment or surface rolling to improve fatigue strength and determination of serviceability under conditions of use Axle on the load and stress, and many other aspects of the work done. Therefore, the allowable stress and safety factor used in axle design are based on experimental data. These designs