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弓手制度作为宋金控制基层社会的统治经验被元朝继承,纳入了“祖述变通”的制度建构模式之中。元代弓手设置广泛,按规定要以百分之一的比例从百姓中选拔。实际上,由于各地治安状况的差异,弓手的选拔与这个比例并非完全一致。弓手主要职能为巡捕,其内容主要包括:巡夜禁、巡捕盗贼、监视基层民众动向等。元代弓手制度表现出一些有异于前代的突出特征,最为明显的就是由宋代的乡役转变成一种特殊的户计,反映了元代由户计制度带来的民众职业与职役的固定化。元代弓手在职能运行和社会地位等方面均表现出一些元朝的制度特色。元政府对其运行中出现的弊端也相应地做出调整和完善,反映了元代国家政权对维护社会治安和加强基层社会控制的重视。
The aristocratic system, inherited from the Yuan Dynasty as Song dynasty’s dominant experience in controlling the grass-roots society, incorporated the institutional construction model of “the ancestral collusion”. Yuan Dynasty archer set wide range, according to the provisions to be one percent from the people in the selection. In fact, due to differences in the law and order situation around the archers selection is not exactly the same ratio. Archer major functions for the patrol, the main contents include: patrol night ban, patrolling thieves, monitoring grassroots people’s movements and so on. The archaeological system of the Yuan Dynasty showed some prominent features that differed from those of the previous generation. The most obvious one was the transition from a township to a special household in the Song Dynasty, which reflected that in the Yuan Dynasty, the public occupational and professional services brought by the household registration system Immobilized. Yuan dynasty archers showed some system characteristics of Yuan dynasty in terms of functional operation and social status. The government of the Yuan Dynasty adjusted and perfected the malpractices in its operation accordingly, which reflected that the state power of the Yuan Dynasty paid more attention to safeguard the public security and strengthen the control of grass-roots society.