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班固在《汉书》中大力表彰隽不疑、疏广、贡禹、彭宣等由儒学进身而能清廉自守、不恋权位、犯颜直谏的“清节之士”;又秉笔贬斥匡衡、张禹一类以儒学装潢门面、登上高位、贪婪自私、阿附媚从的伪善小人。由此证明儒学盛行之后,滋养了一批体现文化精华、气节高尚的人物,同时又有一些庸才以诵习经书作为向上爬的手段,成为尸位素餐、不顾民生疾苦的禄利之徒。《汉书》对这两类人的描述和品评,为我们思考儒学的历史作用提供了一个视角。
Bancong in the “Han” strongly commended Jun Undoubtedly, sparse, Gong Yu, Peng Xuan and other Confucianism into the body can be self-immolated, do not love the power, guilty of straight Gujian “Innocence”; Bing Bing denounced Kuang Heng, Zhang Yu, a class of Confucianism to decorate the facade, boarded high, greedy selfish, ass adoring the hypocrite villain. This proves that after the prevalence of Confucianism, it has nourished a group of noble people who embody the essence of culture and noble temperaments. At the same time, some mediocre people use the Book of Songs as a means of ascension and become a pilgrim of vitality and vegetarianism regardless of the people’s livelihood and suffering. The description and evaluation of these two kinds of people by Han Shu provide a perspective for us to think about the historical function of Confucianism.