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目的比较金华市中、小型规模企业的流动工人职业卫生现况差异。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,选取该市100家中、小型规模企业,对其职业病危害因素监测和职业健康监护等职业卫生现况进行调查。结果本次共调查了58家中型企业和42家小型企业。2种规模企业职业病危害因素定期检测率,化学毒物、物理因素的超标率,防护用品的提供率,职业卫生的建档率分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(2值分别为1.97、0.26、2.37、0.70、1.18,P>0.05)。粉尘超标率比较,差异有统计学意义(2=4.37,P<0.05)。2种规模企业岗前、在岗、离岗职业健康检查的受检率,异常复查率,告知率,职业健康监护档案建档率分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(2值分别为0.39、1.50、3.14、0.66、0.20、2.14,P>0.05)。2种规模企业职业卫生培训率比较,差异有统计学意义(2=5.48,P<0.05)。中型企业的合同签订率和职业病危害告知率分别为98.28%和79.31%,小型企业的合同签订率和职业病危害告知率分别为88.10%和69.05%。中型企业的流动工人医疗保险投保率和工伤投保率分别为63.79%和86.21%,小型企业分别为33.33%和73.81%。结论该市中、小型企业中,流动工人职业卫生防治工作的开展和落实情况存在较大的差异,小型企业是职业卫生管理机构的监督管理重点。
Objective To compare the differences of occupational health status of migrant workers in medium and small-scale enterprises in Jinhua City. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select 100 small and medium-sized enterprises in the city to investigate occupational health risks such as occupational hazards monitoring and occupational health monitoring. Results A total of 58 medium-sized enterprises and 42 small-scale enterprises were investigated. There were no significant differences in the regular detection rates of occupational hazards, chemical toxins, the excess of physical factors, the provision of protective articles and the filing rate of occupational hygiene in the two scale enterprises (2 values were 1.97 and 0.26 , 2.37,0.70,1.18, P> 0.05). Dust excess rate comparison, the difference was statistically significant ( 2 = 4.37, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the inspection rate, abnormal review rate, notification rate and occupational health monitoring archives filing rate between pre-job, on-duty and post-job occupational health examinations (2 values of 0.39, 1.50, 3.14, 0.66, 0.20, 2.14, P> 0.05). The occupational health training rate of 2 scale enterprises was significantly different (2 = 5.48, P <0.05). The contract-signing rate and occupational hazard reporting rate of medium-sized enterprises were 98.28% and 79.31% respectively, while that of small-scale enterprises was 88.10% and 69.05% respectively. The insured rate of medical insurance for migrant workers and the insured rate of work-related injury in medium-sized enterprises were 63.79% and 86.21% respectively, while those for small-sized enterprises were 33.33% and 73.81% respectively. Conclusion Among the small and medium-sized enterprises in the city, the development and implementation of occupational health control for migrant workers are quite different. Small-sized enterprises are the focus of supervision and management of occupational health management institutions.